SSLC NOTES: GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER – 11 INDIA – SEASONS

 

CHAPTER – 11

  INDIA – SEASONS

I.         Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Highest temperature region in the country is ___________.(Rajasthan’s Ganganagar)

2. The season of maximum rainfall is ___________.(South-West Monsoon (Rainy season)

3. The area receiving the very less rainfall in the country is___________.(Ruyli of Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan)

4. The area receiving the highest rainfall in the country is______.(Mawsynram region of Meghalaya)

5. Indian agriculture is said to be a ________ with the monsoons.(gamble)

 

II. Answer the following after discussing them in groups:

1.     Which type of climate is experienced by India?

Ans: Tropical monsoon Climate

 

2.     What are monsoon winds?

Ans: The winds which change their direction according to season are called monsoon winds. 

3.     Which season is generally called the rainy season?

Ans:  South-West Monsoon

 

4.     What are the factors influenced on climate of India ?

Ans: Latitude, height from the sea level, distance from the sea, direction of the winds, mountain ranges, ocean currents etc.,

 

5.     ‘Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds.’ Discuss.

Ans: The South-West monsoons control the agriculture of India which is the main occupation of Indians. Failure of rainfall leads to drought. When the monsoons are heavy there are floods they also cause to destruction to life and property. Hence it is said that Indian agriculture is a “gamble with the monsoons”.

 

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SSLC NOTES: GEOGRAPHY- CHAPTER – 10- INDIA - GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

 

GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER – 10

                        INDIA - GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The name ‘India’ is derived from the river ___________.(Indus)

2. The total area of India is ____________ sq.kms.(32,87,263)

3. In the central part of India _____North latitude passes.( 23° _½)

4. The country lies to the south of India is ________.(Sri Lanka)

5. India has a coastal line of ___________ kms.(6100 km)

6. India is divided into __________ major divisions.(Four)

7. Greater Himalaya is also called __________.(Himadri)

8. The highest mountain peak in the world is ____________ .(Mt Everest)

9. The North Indian plain is made up of __________ soil.(Alluvial)

10. The Western Ghats in Karnataka are also called ___________.(Sahyadri)

II Answer the following after discussing them in groups:

1.     In which part of the Asian continent is India situated?

Ans: South-East Asia.

2.     In which hemisphere of the earth is India located?

Ans: Northern Hemisphere

3.     Which is the southern tip of mainland of India?

Ans: Kanyakumari

4.     Which is the southernmost point of main land of India?

Ans: Indira Point

5.     Which is the important latitude passes through Central India?

Ans: The Tropic of Cancer or 23° _1/2 North Latitude

6.     In which island is Indira Point located?

Ans: Nicobar Island

7.     What is the other name for the foothills of the Himalayas?

Ans: Siwalik Ranges

8.     Which is the recently-formed landmass in India?

Ans: Siwalik Ranges

9.     What are the advantages of Himalayas?

Ans;* The Himalayan mountains have influenced the life of Indians to a greater extent. * They provide protection to India, by obstructing the cold winds from the sibenian regions.

* They are the birth-place of many rivers.

* They facilitate hydro-electric power generation.

* They are the home to many types of plants and animals.

* They are a great treasure-house of minerals, and are also significant for tourism and  religious centers.

10. Explain the extend of peninsular Plateau?

Ans: The Peninsular Plateau stretches from the south of the Sutlej-Ganga plains upto the Indian ocean in the south. Its total area is around 16 lakh sq.km. It stretches from the Aravalli mountains in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. It extends approximately 1400 kms.

 

1.     Write about the Shivalik range.

Ans: These hills are the most recent formations and are located in the southern part. They have lesser height. They are also called ‘the Foothills’ of the Himalayas. These hills have narrow strips of plains or valleys which are called “Dunes”. For example. Dehradune, Kota, Patli and chaukhamba, Udhampur and Kotli.

 

2.     ‘The Northern plains are called deposited plains’. Why?

Ans: The entire plain is formed by the deposition of alluvial soils brought by the rivers which rises in the Himalayas.

 

3.     Mention the differences between western and eastern ghats.

Ans:

Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
-The Western Ghats area continuous range running parallel to the west coast of India -They are higher than the Eastern Ghats -They are continuous -They extend from the Tapi valley to Kanyakumari	-The Eastern Ghats run almost parallel to the east coast of India -They are lower than the Western Ghats -They are not continuous -They extend from the Mahanadi Valley in the north

 

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SSLC NOTES: Chapter - 9 WORK AND ECONOMIC LIFE

 

Chapter - 9

WORK AND ECONOMIC LIFE

I fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Division of labour leads to __________.(Specialization)

2. Workers without special training are called _________.(Unorganized Workers)

3. Workers who have special training and expertise are called _______.(Organized workers)

 

II Answer the following in one sentence each:

1.     What is ‘Division of labour’?

Ans: Division of labour means work being done by people depending on their interests, tastes, abilities, age, expertise, skills and gender.

 

2.     What is ‘paid work’?

Ans: Work that provides wages, salary or any other material benefit is called ‘paid work’.

 

3.     What is the meaning of ‘Unemployment’?

Ans:  Unemployment means inability to get work in spite of proper age, ability and interest.

 

4.     What are the reasons for unemployment ?

Ans:  Over-population, mechanization, too much of division of labour, Social inequality, insufficient capital and illiteracy are the causes for unemployment.

 

5.     What are the effects of unemployment?

Ans: Unemployment leads to poverty, ill-health, crimes, corruption, family disintegration, cheating, deception, robbery, prostitution etc. This is a serious social malady.

 

III Discuss the following in groups and answer them:

1.     Explain the nature of discrimination in labour.

Ans: In most countries of the world including India, men are offered better jobs. Similarly, higher responsibilities and remuneration are also extended. Women get lesser responsibilities and remuneration. However, in the governmental sector, discrimination is rare. It is found more in unorganized sector.

 

2.     What are the measures for removal of unemployment?

Ans: the measures for removal of unemployment population control, encouragement to cottage industries, agricultural development, industrial development, educational reforms, five-year plans, encouragement to vocational education, rural development, employment-guarantee programs etc.

 

 

3.     What are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?

Ans:

Organized Workers	Unorganized Workers
1. Those who are working in specific fields which are governed by legal rules and regulations are called Organized workers.	1. People who work in areas which are not governed by specific rules and regulations or unions, and lead their lives by earning daily wages or material benefit in any other form, are called unorganized workers.
2. The workers in insurance companies, educational institutions, banks armed forces, private companies, government departments are identified as organised workers.	2.domestic servants, construction workers, agricultural labours, footpath hawkers, vehicle repairers, push-cart vegetable vendors etc.,
3. They get fixed wages, allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical facility too. They have specific hours of work.	3. They do not get fixed wages, allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical facility too. They have specific hours of work.

 

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SSLC NOTES: SOCIOLOGY Chapter – 8 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

 

SOCIOLOGY

Chapter – 8

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

I          Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. ‘Truly the whole mankind is one’ is declared by __________.(Pampa)

2. ‘Untouchability is a stigma on Hindu religion’. This was told by _________(Mahatma Gandhi)

3. Section _________ of the Constitution declares that practice of untouchability is a punishable offence.(17)

 

II Discuss the following in groups and write the answers:

1.     What is meant by social stratification?

Ans: The method of dividing people into different strata and then assigning different roles and status in the society is called as Social Stratification.

 

2.     How has social stratification been created?

Ans: social stratification was created by the society on the basis of income, education, caste, colour, gender, occupation, intelligence etc.

 

3.     What is meant by prejudices?

Ans: Prejudice is the opinion a person forms about another person or community even before he gets to know them.

 

4.     What are the constitutional and legal measures undertaken to eradicate untouchability? Explain.

Ans: i.Section 17 of the Constitution prohibits the practice of untouchability.

ii.The ‘Untouchability Crime Act’ was implemented in 1955.

iii.Some lacunae of this Act were rectified and the Act was amended as ‘Citizens’ Rights Protection Act’ in 1976.

iv.According to this Act, practice of untouchability is a punishable offence.

v. Besides, universal suffrage and right to equality have been guaranteed in the constitution to all citizens of the country.

vi.All people belonging to backward castes, especially the scheduled castes, have been provided reservation in educational, political, economic and employment opportunities.

vii.The Regulation of 1989 confers special responsibilities to the state governments with regard to eradication of untouchability.

 

5.     What are the suggestions to stop the social evil of untouchability?

Ans: *Creating awareness among people against the social evil of untouchably

*Providing education to the people of depressed classes

*Spreading the teachings of social reformers and thinkers in the society.

 

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SSLC NOTES: Political Science Chapter - 7 INDIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

 

Chapter - 7

INDIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

 

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words

            1. India is in __________ continent. (Asia).

2. The steel plants of Bhilai and Bokoro are assisted by __________ country.(Russia)

II. Discuss in group and answer the follow:

 

1 Why there should be good relationship with neighbours ?

Ans: We, as an independent country, have to maintain good relations with all foreign states. Especially, our international relations with neighboring states in Asia must be very cordial. But, at the same time our national interests like border security, foreign trade, economic gains, reputation of the country etc. have to be carefully protected. Permanent diplomatic channel is maintained with all the countries of the world.

 

2 What are the reasons for tension between India and Pakisthan ?

Ans: i.India is keenly interested to have good friendship with Pakistan. But due to Military Dictatorships and political instability, Pakistan did not maintain good relationship with India.

ii.There were Indo-Pak wars in 1947-48, 1965, 1971 and again in 1999 (Kargil war). iii.Kashmir problem and terrorism are the major issues which are to be solved effectively to have sound relationship.

iv.Spreading terrorism by Pakistan. 

v.Border disputes. 

vi.China – Pakistan relationship. 

 

3 Why relationship between India and China has been strained in these days ?

Ans: i.China has annexed Tibet against Indian will. In 1962 China invaded India and won the war.

ii.China’s claim over Arunachal Pradesh, one of our states is a significant issue of Indo-China relationship.

iii. Maoists’ terrorism in the form of Naxalism in India is also casting a shadow on our mutual relations.

iv.Our border is also not finally demarcated. As such there is no well settled International Border (IB) but we do have only Line of Actual Control (LAC).

v.Even nuclear threat, foreign trade challenges; military advancements in border areas are some of the issues which strain our relations with China.

 

4 Explain how the relationship between India and USA as democratic nations.

Ans: i.India and the U.S.A. are bigger nations and have a democratic system.

ii.USA has helped us financially for our economic development through Five year Plans. iii.Even during Chinese aggression in 1962 the support of the USA strengthened India.

iv.We have a common concern for curbing terrorism.

v.India maintains good relationship with the USA in the fields of foreign trade, science and technology, space and education.

vi.Both the nations are bound by the principles of World peace and support for U.N.O.

           

5 Explain India’s relationship with Russia.

Ans: i.Indo-Soviet cooperation continued in political, economic and other fields.

ii.Soviet Union condemned China’s aggression in 1962.

iii.During the liberation of Goa in 1961 Soviet Russia supported India.

iv.In 1966, Tashkent Agreement was signed by India and Pakistan with the mediation of Russia.

v.In 1971 India and Soviet Russia entered into 20 years Treaty of Peace, Friendship and cooperation.

vi.Russia assisted India to have steel plants at Bhilai and Bokoro.

vii.We have received a lot of aid from Russia for the growth of our industry and commerce.

viii.It is supporting Indian claim for permanent seat in the Security Council of UNO.

 

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