Chapter - 9
WORK AND
ECONOMIC LIFE
I fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Division of labour leads to __________.(Specialization)
2. Workers without special training are called _________.(Unorganized
Workers)
3. Workers who have special training and expertise are called
_______.(Organized workers)
II Answer the following in one sentence each:
1.
What is ‘Division of
labour’?
Ans: Division of labour means work being done by people depending
on their interests, tastes, abilities, age, expertise, skills and gender.
2.
What is ‘paid work’?
Ans: Work that provides wages, salary or any other material
benefit is called ‘paid work’.
3.
What is the meaning of
‘Unemployment’?
Ans: Unemployment means
inability to get work in spite of proper age, ability and interest.
4.
What are the reasons for
unemployment ?
Ans: Over-population,
mechanization, too much of division of labour, Social inequality, insufficient
capital and illiteracy are the causes for unemployment.
5.
What are the effects of
unemployment?
Ans: Unemployment leads to poverty, ill-health, crimes,
corruption, family disintegration, cheating, deception, robbery, prostitution
etc. This is a serious social malady.
III Discuss the following in groups and answer them:
1.
Explain the nature of
discrimination in labour.
Ans: In most countries of the world including India, men are
offered better jobs. Similarly, higher responsibilities and remuneration are
also extended. Women get lesser responsibilities and remuneration. However, in
the governmental sector, discrimination is rare. It is found more in
unorganized sector.
2.
What are the measures for
removal of unemployment?
Ans: the measures for removal of unemployment population control,
encouragement to cottage industries, agricultural development, industrial
development, educational reforms, five-year plans, encouragement to vocational
education, rural development, employment-guarantee programs etc.
3.
What
are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?
Ans:
|
Organized
Workers |
Unorganized
Workers |
|
1. Those who are working in
specific fields which are governed by legal rules and regulations are called
Organized workers. |
1. People who work in areas which
are not governed by specific rules and regulations or unions, and lead their
lives by earning daily wages or material benefit in any other form, are
called unorganized workers. |
|
2. The workers in insurance
companies, educational institutions, banks armed forces, private companies,
government departments are identified as organised workers. |
2.domestic
servants, construction workers, agricultural labours, footpath hawkers,
vehicle repairers, push-cart vegetable vendors etc., |
|
3. They get fixed wages,
allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical
facility too. They have specific hours of work. |
3. They do not get fixed wages,
allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical
facility too. They have specific hours of work. |
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