Chapter – 2
THE EXTENSION OF THE BRITISH RULE
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. At the end of First Anglo-Maratha war, ……………agreement was
signed between the Marathas and the British. (Salbai)
2. The Subsidiary Alliance system was
implemented by ………………
(Lord Wellesley)
3. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was
implemented in the year ……………
(1848)
4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by ………(Lord
Dalhousie)
II. Discuss in group and
then answer the following:
1.
Explain the reasons for
First Anglo-Maratha War.
Ans: i. Shah Alam-II was under the control of the British after
the defeat in Buxar war. Now, the Emperor gave Kora and Allahabad to Marathas,
which he had earlier given to the British.
ii. the Maratha strong man Madhav Rao Peshwa was a major setback
to Marathas.
iii. Though his brother Narayanrao came to power, he was murdered
by his uncle Raghobha (Ragunatha Rao). This resulted in an infighting for the
Peshwa post.
iv. The Maratha federation brought Madhav Rao II the minor son of
Narayana Rao to the post of Peshwa. Upset with this development, Raghobha
approached the British for support.
2.
What were the conditions
under Subsidiary Alliance? Explain.
Ans: The
Conditions of Subsidiary Alliance:
1. The Indian Kings had to keep the British
Army in their kingdom.
2. The state concerned had to bear the expenses of the army and
the wages of soldiers, and also had to give certain revenue lands as well.
3. The King had to have a British Resident in
his Court.
4. The King could not appoint any other European without the
permission of the British.
5. In order
to enter into any agreement or pact with any Indian state, the permission of
the Governor General was mandatory.
6. In return for all these services, the Company would offer
protection to the state from any internal or external aggression.
3. Explain the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
Ans: i.The Maratha families tried their best to protect their
independence and honour.
ii.Even the Peshwa attempted to free himself from the clutches of
the English.
iii. In 1817 the Peshwa attacked the British Residency in Poona
and burnt it down.
iv. Appa Saheb of Nagpur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against
the British and were suppressed ruthlessly.
v. Finally in 1818, Peshwa Baji Rao II fought against the British
at Koregaon and Ashti and later surrendered to the British.
vi. The British abolished the Peshwa post and granted a pension to
Baji Rao II.
vii. They installed Pratapa Simha, the descendant of Shivaji as
the ruler of Satara, a mini state, and named him as the traditional leader of
Marathas and suppressed the Maratha resistance.
4. How did
the Doctrine of Lapse support the expansion of British Empire in India?
Ans: i. Dalhousie who arrived in India as the Governor General in
1848 made a final attempt to integrate Indian princely states with the British
Empire.
ii. He adopted the Doctrine of Lapse policy whereby the adopted
children of Indian Kings were refused of their right to throne.
iii. According to this
policy, “If any Indian ruler died childless, his adopted children had no legal
right over the throne”.
iv. Such a state was merged with the British Empire. Princely
states like, Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under this
policy.
5.
Which were the states
that came under the Doctrine of Lapse policy?
Ans: Princely states like, Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi,
Jaipur came under this policy.
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