SSLC NOTES: History Chapter – 2 THE EXTENSION OF THE BRITISH RULE

 

Chapter – 2

 

THE EXTENSION OF THE BRITISH RULE

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:

1. At the end of First Anglo-Maratha war, ……………agreement was signed between the Marathas and the British. (Salbai)

2. The Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by ………………

            (Lord Wellesley)

3. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented in the year ……………

(1848)

4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by ………(Lord Dalhousie)

 

II. Discuss in  group and then answer the following:

1.     Explain the reasons for First Anglo-Maratha War.

Ans: i. Shah Alam-II was under the control of the British after the defeat in Buxar war. Now, the Emperor gave Kora and Allahabad to Marathas, which he had earlier given to the British.

ii. the Maratha strong man Madhav Rao Peshwa was a major setback to Marathas.

iii. Though his brother Narayanrao came to power, he was murdered by his uncle Raghobha (Ragunatha Rao). This resulted in an infighting for the Peshwa post.

iv. The Maratha federation brought Madhav Rao II the minor son of Narayana Rao to the post of Peshwa. Upset with this development, Raghobha approached the British for support.

 

2.     What were the conditions under Subsidiary Alliance? Explain.

Ans:  The Conditions of Subsidiary Alliance:

1. The Indian Kings had to keep the British Army in their kingdom.

2. The state concerned had to bear the expenses of the army and the wages of soldiers, and also had to give certain revenue lands as well.

3. The King had to have a British Resident in his Court.

4. The King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the British.

5. In order to enter into any agreement or pact with any Indian state, the permission of the Governor General was mandatory.

6. In return for all these services, the Company would offer protection to the state from any internal or external aggression.

 

3. Explain the Third Anglo-Maratha War.

Ans: i.The Maratha families tried their best to protect their independence and honour.

ii.Even the Peshwa attempted to free himself from the clutches of the English.

iii. In 1817 the Peshwa attacked the British Residency in Poona and burnt it down.

iv. Appa Saheb of Nagpur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against the British and were suppressed ruthlessly.

v. Finally in 1818, Peshwa Baji Rao II fought against the British at Koregaon and Ashti and later surrendered to the British.

vi. The British abolished the Peshwa post and granted a pension to Baji Rao II.

vii. They installed Pratapa Simha, the descendant of Shivaji as the ruler of Satara, a mini state, and named him as the traditional leader of Marathas and suppressed the Maratha resistance.

 

4. How did the Doctrine of Lapse support the expansion of British Empire in India?

Ans: i. Dalhousie who arrived in India as the Governor General in 1848 made a final attempt to integrate Indian princely states with the British Empire.

ii. He adopted the Doctrine of Lapse policy whereby the adopted children of Indian Kings were refused of their right to throne.

iii.  According to this policy, “If any Indian ruler died childless, his adopted children had no legal right over the throne”.

iv. Such a state was merged with the British Empire. Princely states like, Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under this policy.

 

5.     Which were the states that came under the Doctrine of Lapse policy?

Ans: Princely states like, Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under this policy.

**********************************