SSLC NOTES: Chapter - 9 WORK AND ECONOMIC LIFE

 

Chapter - 9

WORK AND ECONOMIC LIFE

I fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Division of labour leads to __________.(Specialization)

2. Workers without special training are called _________.(Unorganized Workers)

3. Workers who have special training and expertise are called _______.(Organized workers)

 

II Answer the following in one sentence each:

1.     What is ‘Division of labour’?

Ans: Division of labour means work being done by people depending on their interests, tastes, abilities, age, expertise, skills and gender.

 

2.     What is ‘paid work’?

Ans: Work that provides wages, salary or any other material benefit is called ‘paid work’.

 

3.     What is the meaning of ‘Unemployment’?

Ans:  Unemployment means inability to get work in spite of proper age, ability and interest.

 

4.     What are the reasons for unemployment ?

Ans:  Over-population, mechanization, too much of division of labour, Social inequality, insufficient capital and illiteracy are the causes for unemployment.

 

5.     What are the effects of unemployment?

Ans: Unemployment leads to poverty, ill-health, crimes, corruption, family disintegration, cheating, deception, robbery, prostitution etc. This is a serious social malady.

 

III Discuss the following in groups and answer them:

1.     Explain the nature of discrimination in labour.

Ans: In most countries of the world including India, men are offered better jobs. Similarly, higher responsibilities and remuneration are also extended. Women get lesser responsibilities and remuneration. However, in the governmental sector, discrimination is rare. It is found more in unorganized sector.

 

2.     What are the measures for removal of unemployment?

Ans: the measures for removal of unemployment population control, encouragement to cottage industries, agricultural development, industrial development, educational reforms, five-year plans, encouragement to vocational education, rural development, employment-guarantee programs etc.

 

 

3.     What are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?

Ans:

Organized Workers	Unorganized Workers
1. Those who are working in specific fields which are governed by legal rules and regulations are called Organized workers.	1. People who work in areas which are not governed by specific rules and regulations or unions, and lead their lives by earning daily wages or material benefit in any other form, are called unorganized workers.
2. The workers in insurance companies, educational institutions, banks armed forces, private companies, government departments are identified as organised workers.	2.domestic servants, construction workers, agricultural labours, footpath hawkers, vehicle repairers, push-cart vegetable vendors etc.,
3. They get fixed wages, allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical facility too. They have specific hours of work.	3. They do not get fixed wages, allowances, paid leave and pension facilities. In addition, they get medical facility too. They have specific hours of work.

 

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