SSLC NOTES : POLITICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER : 6: CHALLENGES OF INDIA ANDTHEIR REMEDIES

 

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Chapter-6

                   CHALLENGES OF INDIA ANDTHEIR REMEDIES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1 Developing deep attachment with the place of living is called ______.(Regionalism)

2 Linguistic states have been created in __________ in India.(1956)

3 In Karnataka, there is __________ to curb corruption.(Lokayukta)

4 Population of India has crossed __________ crores as per 2011 census.(121)

5 Getting more profits from consumers is called as________.(Profiteering)

 

II. Discuss in groups and answer.

1 Communalism is harmful to national progress. How?

Ans: i. Communalism in India is a menace, which is capable to disrupt the very unity and integrity of our nation.

ii. Communalism propagates hate-philosophy among religious groups.

iii.  It leads to social unrest and even the ruin of life and property.

iv. Communalism spreads with unwarranted mutual accusation and physical combat among the religion groups.

 

2 Regionalism is against national development - Discuss.

Ans: i. Regionalism means the strong feeling of people in favour of the local area in which they live.

ii. A vast country like India naturally faces the problem of regional identities To certain reasonable limit, this regionalism is considered tolerable.

iii. It helps the people to take initiative for the all-round progress of the local areas. But, many a time this extreme regionalism harms national unity and interests.

iv.  If extreme regionalism among the states are allowed to continue, it will cause serious inter state-border disputes, river water disputes etc.

 

3 What are the measures to spread literacy ?

Ans: i. ‘Sarva Siksha Abhiyan’ has been launched in 2001 to provide free education for children of 6-14 years.

ii.  It provides education to girls, physically challenged and Priority for women awareness.

iii. In 1988National Literacy Mission’ has also been established by Government of India to make illiterates literates.

iv.  ‘Sakshara Bharath’ programme has been launched to eradicate illiteracy.

v. Recently through Article 21A of our Constitution education is made as fundamental right.

vi. Right to Education-2009 has been guaranteed. Compulsory free education has been implemented for the children between 6 and 14 years.

 

4 What are the suggestions to improve the position of women?

Ans: i. Government of Karnataka has implemented ‘Stree Shakti’ programme for the development of rural women.

ii. There is a programme of loan and subsidy for women self-employment. Mahila Mandalas , Yuvathi Mandalas , Stree Shakti Organisations, Self-help groups and Women Co-operatives help for the all round progress of women.

iii. Women Commission at national and State level have been constituted to enquire the cases of women and impart justice to them.

iv. There is an effort to have the Reservation for women from Panchayat to Parliament.

v.  In Karnataka already 33% reservation has been implemented for women in local governments.

vi. Even in government jobs women reservation has been provided.

 

5 Population is deemed as human resources - Explain.

Ans:i. Nowadays, we can even observe a trend of dirth of labourers for agriculture, unskilled and even skilled work.

ii. This leads to migration of workers from one place to another.

iii. Economic growth has to involve more and more human potentialities.

iv. So that the problem of over-population will be solved within a decade in India.

v. There are every possibilities that our human power can rightly be deemed as an asset and not as a liability with proper planning.

 

6 What are the plans to eradicate poverty? Explain.

Ans: i.BPL cards are issued to the poor families.

ii.Five year plans in India are directed to eradicate poverty and increase percapita income. Iii.Jawahar Rozgar yojana, Rural Employment Guarantee Programe, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojanas are some of the schemes undertaken to reduce poverty.

iv.Ours is a country with vast natural as well as human resources.

v.Proper utilization of these resources on productive lines could reduce poverty in our country.

vi.Increase in production and proper distribution of wealth can be achieved by economic reforms.

 

7 What is meant by smuggling? What are your suggestions to control it?

Ans: Smuggling is illegal movement of goods across the borders.

i.Suitable modulations of domestic market. prices, proper export-import policy (Exim) strict coastal vigilance service, punitive measures, and inter-state trade agreements are the main remedies to check smuggling.

ii.Proper awareness among the citizens has to be created that smuggling is an anti-national and economically a crime.

iii.Social boycott of smuggled goods have an effect on checking smuggling.

 

8 “Profiteering brings loss both for producer and consumer”. How do you justify this statement.

Ans: i. Profiteering means the excess profits earning trend at the cost of general public or consumers.

ii.This refers to the gaining of huge money by easy method in business.

iii.This easy money corrupts society.

iv.It creates economic inequality and enhances poverty.

v.It even encourages crimes in society. In economic front profiteering is the result of unethical practices of trade.

vi.Continuous rise in prices results in inflation.

 

 

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SSLC NOTES: History Chapter –5 SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENTS

 

Chapter - 5

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENTS

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The 19th Century is called the period of __________________. (Renaissance)

2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the newspaper _______________. (Samvada Koumudi)

3. The founder of Prarthana Samaj was _______________. (Athma Ram Panduranga)

4. ____________ propagated that freedom was the basic necessity of every individual.(Jyothiba Phule)

5. Swami Vivekananda’s guru was _______________.(Ramakrishna Paramahamsa)

II Discuss the following in groups and write the answers:

1.     What are the preachings of the Brahmo Samaj?

Ans: i.Brahmo Samaj attempted to bring in reforms in the traditions and customs in Hindu religion.

ii. It opposed idol-worship and polytheism, and encouraged monotheism.

iii.  It condemned performance of yagas and rituals, and opposed the priestly class.

 iv. Since English education exposed Indians to Western political thought, it enabled the development of nationalism among Indians.

 

2.     Analyse the call of Dayananda Saraswati to return to the Vedas.

Ans: i. Arya Samaj was established by Dayananda Saraswati.

ii. He travelled throughout the country giving lectures and emphasized that the Vedas were the source of truth and knowledge.

iii. In this context, he advised people to ‘Back to the Vedas’.

 

3.     Explain the reforms propagated by Satyashodhak Samaj.

Ans: i. Satyashodak Samaj was established by Jyotiba Phule.

ii. He believed that freedom was the basic necessity of every individual and that no individual could express his ideas if he did not have freedom.

iii. Satyashodak Samaj urged for prohibition of liquor.

iv. It vehemently opposed gender inequality, denial of human rights, exploitation of people and practice of untouchability.

 

4.     Analyse the objectives of the Aligarh Movement.

Ans:i. The Aligarh Movement aimed at promoting harmony of Eastern and Western ideas through transformation of the Muslims in their political, social, educational, religious and philosophical beliefs.

ii. The leadership of this movement was borne by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

iii. With an intention to provide modern education to the Muslim community, he started ‘The Anglo-Oriental College’. Later on, this college was renamed ‘Aligarh Muslim University’.

iv. Its main objective was to provide religious education along with western education, and to create a modern society through western education.

v. He supported female literacy and condemned polygamy and ideas against widow marriage.

 

5.     Explain the vision of Ramakrishna Mission.

Ans: i. Swami Vivekananda established Ramakrishna Mission in order to propagate the ideals of his teacher, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.

ii. The main objective of this organization was to spread the message of equality of all religions and to put that into practice.

iii. Ramakrishna Ashram has many branches all over the world.

iv. The mingling of ancient, modern and western thinkers can be seen here.

 

6.     Swami Vivekananda was a great inspiration to the youth. Explain.

Ans:i.  Swami Vivekananda was a revolutionary monk who opened the eyes of Indians to the importance of loving life.

ii. He stressed the significance of the individual, his presence and ability.

iii. He maintained that apart from prayer and practice of yoga, social service was also necessary for achievement of salvation (moksha).

Iv. Ramakrishna Mission is continuing to nurture culture through education and social service.

v. Vivekananda emphasized that nation and religion were like the two faces of a coin.

vi. In 1893, at the Chicago Conference of World Religions, Swami Vivekananda upheld the greatness of India by advocating tolerance of all religions, and maintaining that all religions were true.

vii. In this manner, he introduced Indian culture to the world.

viii. He was a role model to the youth.

 

7.     Which are the reforms brought about by Annie Besant?

Ans: i. Annie Besant, an Irish lady started the activities of Theosophical Society in India and gave it new vitality.

ii. She aroused pride in Indian culture through her lectures.

iii. She attempted to establish equality, universal brotherhood and harmony in society.

 iv. Annie Besant gave her full support to the freedom struggle. She started a newspaper called ‘New India’.

v. In 1916, she started Home Rule movement.

vi. She was the President of the Congress Session in 1917.

vii. She contributed immensely to Indian philosophy and the Independence struggle.

 

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SSLC NOTES: History Chapter – 4 OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA AND WODIYARS OF MYSORE

 

Chapter - 4

OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA AND WODIYARS

OF MYSORE

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

1. The First Anglo-Mysore war took place between …………………..and ………………..(Hyder Ali, British)

2. The Second Anglo-Mysore war ended with ……………………treaty. (Manglore)

3. Raja wodiyar made ................ as his capital. (Srirangapattanam)

4. Kittur Chennamma adopted a boy named ………………………….(Shivalingappa)

5. Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to ………………………..village.(Sangoli)

6. Surapura is in the present district of ……………………..(Yadgir)

7. The Bedas of ………………………..village of Belgaum district rebelled against the British.(Halagali)

8. The Amara Sulya rebellion was basically a …………rebellion.(Farmer’s)

 

II. Discuss in groups and answer later

1.     What are the achievements of Chikkadevaraja wodiyar ?

Ans: i. He was an efficient soldier and administator.

ii. He checked the invasion of Shivaji at Madurai, Ikkeri and Bijapur.

iii. He captured Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratagere and other places.

iv.  He purchased Bangalore from the Moghul military general.

v. He had the titles like Karnataka Kavichakravarthi, Aprathima veera, Thenkanaraja and Navakoti Narayana.

vi. He started the council of ministers (Athara Kacheri) to help in administration.

vii.  The postal system came into being during his time.

viii. A dam was constructed across river cauvery and Chikka Devaraja and Dodda Devaraja Canal were also constructed for irrigation.

ix. He had Patronised many poets like Thirumalarya, Sanchi Honnamma and so on.

 

2.     How did Hyder Ali come to power?

Ans: i. The death of Chikkadevaraj Wodiyar in 1704 created various political challenges in Mysuru state.

ii. His death created the problems of succession and administration.

iii. All these developments clouded the politics of Mysuru. Hyder Ali gained prominence in this scenario of uncertainity that clouded over the Mysuru and carnatic region.

 iv. Hyder Ali soon became popular in using arms and experiments.

v. He undertook the invasion of the forces by active military operations and suppressed Dalvoys.

vi. He imprisoned Krishna Raja Wodiyar II and kept him under house arrest and took over the power.

vii. He became famous as Nawab Hyder Ali in a short time.

 

3.     What are the effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war?

Ans: i. In 1781 Hyder Ali was defeated in a battle held in Porto Nova by the British.

ii. the British suffered financial setbacks in Pulicat and Solingur.

iii. Meanwhile, by entering into the ‘Salbai Agreement’, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad to their side.

iv.  Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war in 1782.

v. The war was led by his son Tippu Sultan.

 

4.     What were the conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty?

Ans: i. The British were successful in inserting unfavourable conditions in order to weaken Tippu Sultan.

ii.  Tippu was forced to part with half of his kingdom, was forced to pay three crore rupees as war damage fee and had to pledge two of his sons as a guarantee against the payment.

iii. He was also forced to release the prisoners of war.

iv. The British withdrew the combined army from Srirangapatanam.

 

5.     The Fourth Anglo Mysore strengthened the position of the British in Mysore. Discuss.

Ans: i. The war started in 1799. The British were able to destroy the strong fort.

ii.  Tippu died while fighting the British in 1799.

iii. With the death of Tippu Sultan, the British were happy as if the whole India came under their rule.

iv. Most of the territories under Tippu’s rule was shared among the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad.

v.  A small territory was handed over to the royal representative of Mysore Wodiyars.

vi. This region came to be known as Mysore Princely State.

 

6.     What are the achievement of Krishnaraja wodiyar IV?

Ans:  i. Krishnaraja wodiyar IV was very much interested in spreading education among his people.

ii. He abolished fees in all primary schools to develop primary education.

iii.  He helped girls education. He started the University of Mysore and also started scholarship to the students continuing education in foreign countries.

iv.  In 1905 the Indian Institute of Science was established at Bangalore with the help of Tata.

v. Special attention was given to the development of Irrigation.

vi. A barrage was constructed across Cauvery near Belagola.

vii. New railway lines were laid. Many small and large scale industries were started.

viii. Among them the Iron and Steel Factory, Cement Factory, Paper mills at Bhadravathi, Sugar Factory at Mandya. Sandal oil factory at Mysore, Soap factory at Bangalore.

ix. Chemical and Fertilisers factory at Belagola and so on.

x. Legislative council was formed which was a great step in the Legislative measures.

 

7.     Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh.

Ans: i. Dondiya was born in a Maratha family of Chennagiri.

ii. He was called the Wagh, the tiger, due to his bravery.

iii. In 1789 he started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and grew to the position of a military general.

iv.  He built his own private army and fought along with Tippu Sultan.

v. Due to differences with Tippu, he was imprisoned.

vi.  The British released him from the prison after the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.

vii.  He built a small army and started his operations.

viii. He organized the army with the unhappy soldiers of Tippu’s army and the feudatory rulers who had lost power.

ix.  He captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts and made unsuccessful attempt to capture Chitradurga fort.

x. Lord Wellesley tried to check this rebellion.

 

8.     Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight the British.

Ans: i. Rayanna was a brave soldier. He fought for the independence of Kittur and felt it was his duty to liberate his motherland.

ii.  He fought against the British and was imprisoned along with her. He was later released by the British.

iii.  He developed a sense of nationalism and went on organizing an army. He organized secret meetings at sensitive places.

iv.  He aimed at looting the treasury and taluk offices of the British. He had an army of five hundred men.

v. He became furious with the villagers who were assisting the British army.

vi. The British devised a cunning strategy to capture Rayanna.

vii. He was declared as a main offender and was hanged to death at Nandagadh in 1831.

 

9.     Expalin the contributions of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in the freedom struggle.

Ans: i. Swami Aparampura, Kalyanaswamy and Puttabasappa organized a rebellion against British. All the three declared that they were part of the Haleri dynasty that ruled Kodagu. Swami Aparampura assumed the leadership of the rebellion.

ii. He was captured in 1834 and shifted to Bangalore. Similarly Kalayanaswami was captured in 1837 and placed in Mysore prison. after the capture of Kalyanaswamy. Sullia, Bellare and Puttur, the major places of Canara region, were part of Amara Sullia. It is interesting to note that a farmer named Puttabasappa, as Kalyanaswami.

iii. This Puttabasappa later presented himself as Swami Aparampura. This also notes the fluid nature of the rebellion. Puttabasappa took over the leadership of the rebellion.

iv. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Panemangalore and Bantwal. They looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal.

v. The British sought the army of Thalacheri, Cannanore and Bombay to quell this uprising. On hearing this development, Puttabasappa and his associated fled towards Sulya.

vi. The British captured them with the help of people in Kodagu. Puttabasappa, Lakshmappa, Bangarasa, Kedambadi Ramayiah Gowda and Guddemane Appaiah were hanged to death.

vii. Though the rebellion failed, it has an important place in the history of rebellions against the British.

 

10.                    Discuss the Surapura rebellion in brief.

Ans: i. The British interfered in the affairs of Surapura. In 1842, they appointed Meadows Taylor as their Resident and gained proxy power over Surapura.

ii. The British government was observing the various developments of Surapura. In 1857, it came to the notice of government that the representatives of Nana Saheb were present in Surapura.

iii. The British appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the various activities of the King. The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the King is involved in maladministration. iv. Venkatappa Nayaka is usually presented as the leader of 1857 revolt in Karnataka by the historians. The British army captured Surapura in 1858.

 

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